How to Write Informative Essay

How to Write Informative Essay Informative essay is dedicated to expression of the individual viewpoint of the author based on specific information on the described topic. Let us consider some general guidelines on writing this kind of essay. Essay themes are often related to the scientific literature, which unites all objects of general sciences, such as philosophy, literary theory and criticism, aesthetics, political science, sociology and others; however, essay’s approach to objects differs from the scientific one by providing leading role to the author’s personality, which determines principles of object’s analysis. In other words, it is the major forming factor of essay. Besides, special attention is often paid to chronology, as well as expressiveness and symbolism. If you want to write an informative essay worth of the highest grade, follow the instructions below: 1. Think over the content. Before starting to write an informative essay, think over its structure and content. It will be easier to do by asking yourself a few questions about the given topic. Formulation of answers will help to write the main body. Don’t forget to define the style of your narration at the very beginning. 2. State the main idea of your future narration in the first paragraph. Try to attract attention of readers by something interesting and catchy. Second, third and forth paragraphs compose the main body of your essay. In them it is advisable to present arguments for your main point. In conclusion, you should strengthen the main point, which was presented in the beginning. Besides, summarize the points stated in the main body and make your conclusion. 3. Check your structure: is there a logical connection between paragraphs? Check, whether your informative essay is written in a proper style. Eliminate all unnecessary points, as the narration must be laconic and understandable. Don’t be afraid to rewrite your essay several times so as to reach the necessary result.

Character Changes in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay - 1344 Words

Macbeth: Character Changes This dead butcher and his fiend like queen(V.viii.80) is the way Malcolm describes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth changed considerably during the course of the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is seen as a courageous soldier who is loyal to the King. As the play progresses, Macbeth is corrupted by the witches’ prophecies and by his and Lady Macbeth’s ambition. Because of the weakness of Macbeth’s character and the strength of Lady Macbeth’s character, Lady Macbeth is able to easily influence him. Lady Macbeth pushes Macbeth toward evil at first, but after he realizes what he has done, it is his decision to†¦show more content†¦Throughout the play we see the character of Macbeth change, not only from the way he thinks and speaks, but from his actions as well. Killing Banquo and having Lady Macduff and her children murdered show the insecurity that is prese nt in Macbeth’s character. After the murder of Duncan, Macbeth becomes paranoid. This paranoia leads to his killing the guards to help secure the place that he has found for himself. Macbeth is also very superstitious, which becomes evident when he allows the witches’ prophecy to convince him that Banquo’s offspring would become Kings. Towards the end of the play, once Macbeth’s wife has died and the battle is drawing closer, Macbeth shows the desire for some good that may have been. He wishes for a normal life in which he would have lived to an honorable age, but he recognizes that he has deprived himself of this. Even when Macbeth hears that the prophecy of Birnam Wood coming to Dunsinane has been fulfilled, he rejects this idea and fights on until he realizes that Macduff wasn’t born in a natural birth but instead was untimely ripped(V.viii.19-20) from his mother’s womb. When Macbeth hears of this, he realizes what dastardly deeds he has done and how he has underestimated the power of the witches. He fights on, knowing it is only a matter of time before he is slain. In summary, Macbeth is a character that is strong physically but very weak mentally,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Shakespeare Alterations from the Original Macbeth851 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare immortalized Macbeth and his life story in his famous play which goes by the very same name: Macbeth. Shakespeare used Holinsheds Chronicles by Raphael Holinshed as his primary source, the basis for the plot of the play. Shakespeare made a considerable number of alterations in the story line and form. In this essay, I will explore what changes Shakespeare made and for what reason. In Macbeth, a thane Macbeth hears a prophecy by three witches: he will be king. Macbeth decides to take helpRead MoreThe Real Macbeth 897 Words   |  4 Pagesauthors. One of these many plays are the Tragedy of Macbeth, which Shakespeare did his research from the Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland by Raphael Holinshed. Shakespeare stayed true to the history retold by Holinshed in his play Macbeth, but unfortunately Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland contained false information. Since some of the information was false in Shakespeare’s research, his account of Macbeth’s characters, setting, and events also contain differences fromRead MoreShakespeares Dramatic Effect in Act II Scene 2 of Macbeth Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Dramatic Effect in Act II Scene 2 of Macbeth Shakespeares Macbeth was written some time between 1603 and 1606 and was his eighth tragedy in as many years, and has proved to be one of his most renowned plays of all time. It is a tragic tale of betrayal, malevolence and mystery, where a heroic soldier by the name of Macbeth becomes enwrapped in witchcraft and begins to believe the words of Hecate (the witches god). He starts a spate of murders initiallyRead MoreMeaning Of Blood In Macbeth1318 Words   |  6 PagesTreachery, deceit, death, greed, and guilt. All perfect terms to describe William Shakespeares World-Renowned play, Macbeth. Macbeth contains a copious amount of blood imagery, but not all of the imagery has to mean anything, or have the same exact meaning. Blood is omnipresent literally and figuratively throughout the play. What does blood actually mean in Macbeth? Some say blood represents the Macbeths’ guilt, and some include greed. In Jesuss point of view, blood has a holy and sacred meaningRead MorePsychoanalytic Ideas And Shakespeare By Inge Wise And Maggie Mills1420 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and descriptions by numerous authors who wrote on the writing works of Shakespeare, Freud’s work on the psychological works on Shakespeare in general are used throughout the book . The authors focus on psychopathic fiction characters in six plays Hamlet, Macbeth, twilight nights, King Lear, and t he Tempest. The book when you read the reviews and the induction of the book is very misleading, the book should be called interpretations of other authors who have a written on the psychoanalyticRead MoreRole-Reversal in Macbeth1315 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Macbeth first receives the prophecy predicting he will be king and Banquos heirs will be kings, he is satisfied with the idea of being king. Banquos heirs do not concern him at this point. Once he assassinates Duncan and is crowned king, however, this isnt enough. Now he wants his heirs to be king. He asks himself, why should he have taken all this risk just to put Banquos heirs on the throne? Unsatisfied with just ruling himself, he plots to kill not only Banquo, but Fleance. HisRead MoreComparative Essay of Goold and Polanski Macbeth Films629 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth, like any play, is open to interpretation by the performers. Each separate performance is unique. The different stylistic choices made in performanc es of the play change the way that viewers see the characters and events. This means that while the events of the Goold and Polanski films are the same, they tell us slightly different stories. It is interesting to look at the two films in terms of their faithfulness to, and their divergences from the original text, and the effects that theseRead MoreMen of Respect V.S Macbeth Essay738 Words   |  3 Pages1991, William Shakespeares great play Macbeth was re-created into a modern day version titled Men of Respect. Was the plays textual fidelity lost in transition during the making of the film, or did the film show total loyalty and devotion to the text and the feelings of the play? A closer examination of the characters/lines, classification between good and evil, and the use of light and dark will compare the many differences and similarities between William Shakespeares Macbeth and WilliamRead MoreCharacterization Of Macbeth1276 Words   |  6 Pages But with this answer comes another question: why would Shakespeare name the main character Macbeth when his monarchs were Elizabeth I and James I? What message was he trying to send by using the name of Macbeth, the king of Scotland in 1040? In Jonathan Goldberg’s essay â€Å"Speculations: Macbeth and source† in Jean E Howard’s anthology on Shakespeare, Goldberg explains how the King Duncan in the play is a reflection of the real life Duncan I from Scotland in the 1030s when Scotland was going throughRead MoreShakespeares Monk981 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Monk If there is one thing that Matthew Lewis’ novel The Monk: A Romance teaches us about writing, it is that William Shakespeare was an amazing creative author. Just about every facet of Lewis story is, at least in some part, borrowed from Shakespeare’s work. The most obvious allusion to Shakespeare in The Monk: A Romance, is the plot line of Lewis’ novel and Shakespeare’s work Measure for Measure. The story of Measure for Measure centers on Lord Angelo, who is given control

Douglass And Gatsby Similarities And Differences - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 984 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? After reading, The Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, by Frederick Douglass and The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, it is clear both main characters had to deal with escaping the circles they were born into. Douglass was born into a life of slavery and wasnt given an option to live a free life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Douglass And Gatsby: Similarities And Differences" essay for you Create order He had many obstacles to overcome before he was able to be happy with the life he was living. Gatsby also had many obstacles to overcome until he would be content with his life. He was raised into a life of poverty and had to work for his dream of becoming a successful, wealthy man. Although Douglass and Gatsby are very different from each other, they both are forced to go through the struggles of breaking free from the lives they were born into. Even though both Douglass and Gatsby had obstacles to overcome, the issues Douglass faced seemed to be more of a struggle. Douglass was separated from his mother at a very young age and was forced into working as a slave as soon as he was of age. Over the years when he was a slave, he was passed around several times to different slave owners. There were some owners he had that were not so bad but others were just downright awful. As the years went by and he got older, Douglass would end up learning how to read and write, and started to realize he wanted to do more with his life. He knew he could be more than a slave and dreamt for a life where he and his fellow prisoners could live freely. As he started to realize he wanted to change his life, the obstacles he faced, started to become harder. Douglass ended up being rented to a man named Edward Covey, who had acquired a very high reputation for breaking young slaves, and this reputation was of immense value to him (Douglass 50). Douglass went on to watch his friends and family members get beat up and there was nothing he could do about it. Douglass and a couple other slaves planned to escape but someone rats on them and they all end up going to jail. After Douglass gets relocated again, he starts working in Baltimore for a company that does ship caulking. Eventually he ends up running away and he moves to Massachusetts and marries a free women name Anna Murray. Gatsby had in some ways, a similar struggle to Douglass. Instead, he was born into a life of poverty, relying on his parents who were trying to making ends meet as farmers. As a child he grew up with nothing. As he got older he realized this wasnt the life he wanted, he was desperate to break free from the only life hed known. From a young age, Gatsby knew he wanted to be a wealthy, educated man. He went to college for a short amount of time but ended up dropping out because he didnt want to pay for school. Additionally, the idea of having to work for his tuition as a janitor embarrassed him. Gatsby didnt just want a better life, he knew he was destined to make something of himself. He ended up meeting a man named Dan Cody, who was a very wealthy man, and Cody took him under his wing and showed Gatsby how he could be successful. Cody ended up passing away and after his death, Gatsby dedicated his life to becoming wealthy, by any means necessary. He got involved with organized crime by trading in stolen items and distributing illegal alcohol, going to whatever lengths to achieve the life he so dreamed himself of achieving. Both men were brought up into a life they desperately wanted to get out of. Their upbringing pushed them towards the path to change their respective situations. While at face value slavery and poverty seem vastly different, there is still freedom being taken away in each experience from their respective perspectives, whether it be financial or literal freedom. For Gatsby, his upbringing as a poor kid from the Midwest makes him crave to possess his parents could not. From a young age he was a dreamer and believed that with just enough cash he could make his life what he wanted it to be. This drove him away from his impoverished family towards a better life. On the other hand, Douglass, born into slavery, had a much harder path towards assuming the life he wanted to live. Like Gatsby, he was brought into a life that was not of his choosing. Unlike Gatsby, his however involved a life of being deemed as less of a human. Douglass learned through his experiences witnessing firsthand the dehumanization of slaves like himself. He writes about a particular time when his master berated his own wife after she had taught a slave the alphabet. In the slavemasters eyes, this was unacceptable. In Douglass however, it turned into motivation to change his destiny. In turn, both men had Each man began living their lives striving to be more than what they started out as. In the face of adversary, each man craved what they could not have. Early on for Gatsby, this drive was fueled by his thirst for success and fortune but later turned to love. His focus sharply shifted from making himself attain the American Dream to stopping at no lengths to try to win Daisys heart. Douglass goal didnt have as drastic of a shift but each time he faced a setback, whether it be witnessing his fellow slaves being whipped or being told he wasnt allowed to be educated, his experiences lit a fire within him to break free from the enslaved life he knew. He wanted this to make something of himself and to enable him to make a difference in the lives of others.

The State of Texas - 2439 Words

Unit 1 Discussion Unit 2 Discussion Unit 3 Discussion - The Importance of Mission Statements In preparation for your Discussion Question exercise, please read Chapter 2 Appendix, BBamp;T Vision, Mission, and Purpose on page 39 of your text. Post your answer in the threaded Discussion board along with your source citation in APA format. BBamp;T Vision, Mission and Purpose statement is considered an exemplary Mission Statement. Please read it, comment on the positives and negatives of this statement, and defend your answer through APA citation. * Their vision and mission statements are straight to the point and short. The values are very lengthy and could be shortened drastically. Although it is something that some may be†¦show more content†¦(Pearce amp; Robinson, 2011) A resource based view can help determine, and maintain a competitive advantage for Wal-Mart. In order to gain a clear understanding of their advantage, or lack thereof, it is vital that Wal-Mart determine what resources they have available to them. Once these resources are identified they must capitalize on them, and ensure that they provide them with a sustained advantage, and not a temporary advantage. For instance, Wal-Mart might find that there is a manufacturer that is not being used to their full potential, and is able to provide them with fast production and quick delivery of items for a great price. It would be beneficial for Wal-Mart to take advantage of this opportunity, as well as build a long lasting relationship with this manufacturer that will carry them both into the future. SWOT analysis determines a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. (Pearce amp; Robinson, 2011) Performing a SWOT analysis on Wal-Mart would definitely prove beneficial to the company as a whole. Sometimes it is hard for a large corporation like Wal-Mart to see all of the little factors that might be affecting them on a daily basis. They definitely have strengths that they could capitalize on, such as the convenience of one stop shopping. Weaknesses that should be determined, and worked on such as loss prevention. Opportunities that should be taken,Show MoreRelatedTexas Is A State Of Texas1269 Words   |  6 Pages Texas is a state that has a continuous history of arising issues and conflicts dealing with immigration policies, education policies, environmental policies, social welfare policies and many other disputes. Texas has a business mind-set view and the decisions made with only business goals are affecting the environment in a negative manner. â€Å"Rich natural resources, abundant land, a central location within the United States and a business-friendly environment ha ve long attracted both immigrants andRead MoreThe Texas State Of Texas1771 Words   |  8 PagesIn the state of Texas, each county is governed by five-member Commissioners Courts, which consists of a County Judge and four Commissioners. The County Judge has no veto authority over the decisions of the Court; they have one vote along with the other Commissioners. Generally in smaller counties, the County Judge also performs judicial functions, while in larger counties their role is limited to the Court system. Elections are based on the political parties, such as Democrat, Republican, IndependentRead MoreThe Physical State Of Texas : The Physical State Of Texas710 Words   |  3 PagesPhysical State of Texas Extreme Weather Records Weather Event History Rainfall First Freeze Last Freeze Weather Data by County Major Rivers Lakes and Reservoirs Extending from sea level at the Gulf of Mexico to over 8,000 feet in the Guadalupe Mountains of far West Texas and from the semitropical Lower Rio Grande Valley to the High Plains of the Panhandle, Texas has a natural environment best described as varied. Below is a summary of the size, the boundaries, the highs and the lows of the state. AreaRead MoreThe State of Texas596 Words   |  2 PagesThe state of Texas may have experienced a great deal of short comings in the pass, but Texas continues to flourish. Over the years many true leaders have without a doubt change Texas Government in different ways. One of the most important people to impact Texas government was known for her big heart and humorist personality. A real die heart Texan with devotion and goals to build a new Texas. For instance, establishing opportunities for women and minorities, reformations and increasing school fundingRead MoreDallas, Texas State Of Texas Essay2424 Words   |  10 PagesDallas is one of the largest and most developed cities in the state of Texas in the United States. Dallas is the 4th largest city in the United States because of its downtown location, and is also the city with the world s largest airport. Dallas, the largest city after Houston and San Antonio, is also one of the top ten cities in the United States. The city is l ocated in the middle of a desert and is literally revived. Dallas, a Texas state, deserves more attention with its dynamic cityscape, recentRead MoreTexas Rangers : A Great State Of Texas Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesTexas Rangers My interest in researching the Texas Rangers was to find out how they came to be, how did their legacy survive and what has become of them? The Rangers are unique frontiersman for this great state of Texas. This state held every hope and hardship that pioneers faced in the nation’s westward expansion. For every story I read I felt I was looking through a window about the past and trying the get a whole new picture of today’s Texas Rangers. The Texas Ranger are respected, admiredRead MoreTexas Political History : The State Of Texas1592 Words   |  7 PagesState Political History The state of Texas has a long and complicated political history. Texas is very unique in the aspect that it is the only state in the U.S to have once been its own country. This in turn makes the political history of the state of Texas very unique and interesting. In recent years the political stage in Texas has become the hot topic of not only the state, but the entire country. Gregg Abbot is the current governed of Texas, and the first of which to use a wheelchair sinceRead MoreThe State Of Texas And The United States1318 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Paper Assignment The state of Texas is one of the biggest state of the United States. The state of Texas has major cash flows from many industries some of these industries are the oil industry, transportation and logistics and agriculture and food production are some to mention that make the state of Texas a major money maker. Just the state of Texas oil refineries produces more than 4 million barrels of oil per day. The state of Texas is a major growing state in the business industry, weRead MoreTexas Is A Powerful State1692 Words   |  7 Pagesperson who is from the outside of the United States, I would think that the country’s leader would be very powerful to maintain one of the super power countries. Indeed the U.S. President is powerful but the Check and Balance and Separation of Power limit the President’s powers and slow down the government process. Similarly to the U.S. second biggest state in land mass and economy, Texas is a powerful state, yet it is government is weak com pared to other states and this was a result of a somewhat dictatorialRead MoreThe State Of The Texas Government1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe Texas Government is composed of three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial branch, similar to the federal government. Each branch has its own duties and ways to check the other branches as to ensure no one has too much, or all, the power. The executive branch contains the governor, lieutenant governor, the secretary of state, attorney general, and several other commissioners and executives. The legislative branch contains the Texas House of Representative and the Texas Senate.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 4 Free Essays

string(34) " pleasanter to make my responses\." 8 Raych looked at Hari Seldon after the two politicians had gone and fingered his mustache. It gave him satisfaction to stroke it. Here in the Streeling Sector, some men wore mustaches, but they were usually thin despicable things of uncertain color-thin despicable things, even if dark. We will write a custom essay sample on Forward the Foundation Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most men did not wear them at all and suffered with naked upper lips. Seldon didn’t, for instance, and that was just as well. With his color of hair, a mustache would have been a travesty. He watched Seldon closely, waiting for him to cease being lost in thought, and then found he could wait no longer. â€Å"Dad?† he said. Seldon looked up and said, â€Å"What?† He sounded a little annoyed at having his thoughts interrupted, Raych decided. Raych said, â€Å"I don’t think it was right for you to see those two guys.† â€Å"Oh? Why not?† â€Å"Well, the thin guy, whatever his name is, was the guy you made trouble for at the Field. He can’t have liked it.† â€Å"But he apologized.† â€Å"He didn’t mean it. But the other guy, Joranum-he can be dangerous. What if they had had weapons?† â€Å"What? Here in the University? In my office? Of course not. This isn’t Billibotton. Besides, if they had tried anything, I could have handled both of them together. Easily.† â€Å"I don’t know, Dad,† said Raych dubiously. â€Å"You’re getting-â€Å" â€Å"Don’t say it, you ungrateful monster,† said Seldon, lifting an admonishing finger. â€Å"You’ll sound just like your mother and I have enough of that from her. I am not getting old-or, at least, not that old. Besides, you were with me and you’re almost as skilled a Twister as I am.† Raych’s nose wrinkled. â€Å"Twisting ain’t much good.† (It was no use. Raych heard himself speak and knew that, even eight years out of the morass of Dahl, he still slipped into using the Dahlite accent that marked him firmly as a member of the lower class. And he was short, too, to the point where he sometimes felt stunted. But he had his mustache and no one ever patronized him twice.) He said, â€Å"What are you going to do about Joranum?† â€Å"For now, nothing.† â€Å"Well, look, Dad, I saw Joranum on TrantorVision a couple of times. I even made some holotapes of his speeches. Everyone is talking about him, so I thought I would see what he has to say. And, you know, he makes some kind of sense. I don’t like him and I don’t trust him, but he does make some kind of sense. He wants all sectors to have equal rights and equal opportunities-and there ain’t nothing wrong with that, is there?† â€Å"Certainly not. All civilized people feel that way.† â€Å"So why don’t we have that sort of stuff? Does the Emperor feel that way? Does Demerzel?† â€Å"The Emperor and the First Minister have an entire Empire to worry about. They can’t concentrate all their efforts on Trantor itself. It’s easy for Joranum to talk about equality. He has no responsibilities. If he were in the position to rule, he would find that his efforts would be greatly diluted by an Empire of twenty-five million planets. Not only that, but he would find himself stopped at every point by the sectors themselves. Each one wants a great deal of equality for itself-but not much equality for others. Tell me, Raych, are you of the opinion that Joranum ought to have a chance to rule, just to show what he can do?† Raych shrugged. â€Å"I don’t know. I wonder. But if he had tried anything on you, I would have been at his throat before he could move two centimeters.† â€Å"Your loyalty to me, then, exceeds your concern for the Empire.† â€Å"Sure. You’re my dad.† Seldon looked at Raych fondly, but behind that look he felt a trace of uncertainty. How far could Joranum’s nearly hypnotic influence go? 9 Hari Seldon sat back in his chair, the vertical back giving as he did so and allowing him to assume a half-reclining position. His hands were behind his head and his eyes were unfocused. His breathing was very soft, indeed. Dors Venabili was at the other end of the room, with her viewer turned off and the microfilms back in place. She had been through a rather concentrated period of revision of her opinions on the Florina Incident in early Trantorian history and she found it rather restful to withdraw for a few moments and to speculate on what it was that Seldon was considering. It had to be psychohistory. It would probably take him the rest of his life, tracking down the byways of this semichaotic technique, and he would end with it incomplete, leaving the task to others (to Amaryl, if that young man had not also worn himself out on the matter) and breaking his heart at the need to do that. Yet it gave him a reason for living. He would live longer with the problem filling him from end to end-and that pleased her. Someday she would lose him, she knew, and she found that the thought afflicted her. It had not seemed it would at the start, when her task had been the simple one of protecting him for the sake of what he knew. When had it become a matter of personal need? How could there be so personal a need? What was there about the man that caused her to feel uneasy when he was not in her sight, even when she knew he was safe so that the deeply ingrained orders within her were not called into action? His safety was all that she had been ordered to be concerned with. How did the rest intrude itself? She had spoken of it to Demerzel long before, when the feeling had made itself unmistakable. He had regarded her gravely and said, `’You are complex, Dors, and there are no simple answers. In my life there have been several individuals whose presence made it easier for me to think, pleasanter to make my responses. You read "Forward the Foundation Chapter 4" in category "Essay examples" I have tried to judge the ease of my responses in their presence and the unease of my responses in their final absence to see whether I was the net gainer or loser. In the process, one thing became plain. The pleasantness of their company outweighed the regret of their passing. On the whole, then, it is better to experience what you experience now than not to.† She thought: Hari will someday leave a void, and each day that someday is closer, and I must not think of it. It was to rid herself of the thought that she finally interrupted him. â€Å"What are you thinking of, Hari?† â€Å"What?† Seldon focused his eyes with an apparent effort. â€Å"Psychohistory, I assume. I imagine you’ve traced another blind pathway.† â€Å"Well now. That’s not on my mind at all.† He laughed suddenly. â€Å"Do you want to know what I’m thinking of? Hair!† â€Å"Hair? Whose?† â€Å"Right now, yours.† He was looking at her fondly. â€Å"Is there something wrong with it? Should I dye it another color? Or perhaps, after all these years, it should go gray.† â€Å"Come! Who needs or wants gray in your hair. But it’s led me to other things. Nishaya, for instance.† â€Å"Nishaya? What’s that?† â€Å"It was never part of the pre-Imperial Kingdom of Trantor, so I’m not surprised you haven’t heard of it. It’s a world, a small one. Isolated. Unimportant. Overlooked. I only know anything at all about it because I’ve taken the trouble to look it up. Very few worlds out of twenty-five million can really make much of a sustained splash, but I doubt that there’s another one as insignificant as Nishaya. Which is very significant, you see.† Dors shoved her reference material to one side and said, â€Å"What is this new penchant you have for paradox, which you always tell me you detest? What is this significance of insignificance?† â€Å"Oh, I don’t mind paradoxes when I perpetrate them. You see, Joranum comes from Nishaya.† â€Å"Ah, it’s Joranum you’re concerned with.† â€Å"Yes. I’ve been viewing some of his speeches-at Raych’s insistence. They don’t make very much sense, but the total effect can be almost hypnotic. Raych is very impressed by him.† â€Å"I imagine that anyone of Dahlite origins would be, Hari. Joranum’s constant call for sector equality would naturally appeal to the downtrodden heatsinkers. You remember when we were in Dahl?† â€Å"I remember it very well and of course I don’t blame the lad. It just bothers me that Joranum comes from Nishaya.† Dors shrugged. â€Å"Well, Joranum has to come from somewhere and, conversely, Nishaya, like any other world, must send its people out at times, even to Trantor.† â€Å"Yes, but, as I’ve said, I’ve taken the trouble to investigate Nishaya. I’ve even managed to make hyperspatial contact with some minor official which cost a considerable quantity of credits that I cannot, in good conscience, charge to the department.† â€Å"And did you find anything that was worth the credits?† â€Å"I rather think so. You know, Joranum is always telling little stories to make his points, stories that are legends on his home planet of Nishaya. That serves a good purpose for him here on Trantor, since it makes him appear to be a man of the people, full of homespun philosophy. Those tales litter his speeches. They make him appear to be from a small world, to have been brought up on an isolated farm surrounded by an untamed ecology. People like it, especially Trantorians, who would rather die than be trapped somewhere in an untamed ecology but who love to dream about one just the same.† â€Å"But what of it all?† â€Å"The odd point is that not one of the stories was familiar to the person I spoke to on Nishaya.† â€Å"That’s not significant, Hari. It may be a small world, but it’s a world. What is current in Joranum’s birth section of the world may not be current in whatever place your official came from.† â€Å"No no. Folktales, in one form or another, are usually worldwide. But aside from that, I had considerable trouble in understanding the fellow. He spoke Galactic Standard with a thick accent. I spoke to a few others on the world, just to check, and they all had the same accent.† â€Å"And what of that?† â€Å"Joranum doesn’t have it. He speaks a fairly good Trantorian. It’s a lot better than mine, actually. I have the Heliconian stress on the letter `r.’ He doesn’t. According to the records, he arrived on Trantor when he was nineteen. It is just impossible, in my opinion, to spend the first nineteen years of your life speaking that barbarous Nishayan version of Galactic Standard and then come to Trantor and lose it. However long he’s been here, some trace of the accent would have remained-Look at Raych and the way he lapses into his Dahlite way of speaking on occasion.† â€Å"What do you deduce from all this?† â€Å"What I deduce-what I’ve been sitting here all evening, deducing like a deduction machine-is that Joranum didn’t come from Nishaya at all. In fact, I think he picked Nishaya as the place to pretend to come from, simply because it is so backwoodsy, so out-of-the-way, that no one would think of checking it. He must have made a thorough computer search to find the one world least likely to allow him to be caught in a lie.† â€Å"But that’s ridiculous, Hari. Why should he want to pretend to be from a world he did not come from? It would mean a great deal of falsification of records.† â€Å"And that’s precisely what he has probably done. He probably has enough followers in the civil service to make that possible. Probably no one person has done as much in the way of revision and all of his followers are too fanatical to talk about it.† â€Å"But still-Why?† â€Å"Because I suspect Joranum doesn’t want people to know where he really comes from.† â€Å"Why not? All worlds in the Empire are equal, both by laws and by custom.† â€Å"I don’t know about that. These high-ideal theories are somehow never borne out in real life.† â€Å"Then where does he come from? Do you have any idea at all?† â€Å"Yes. Which brings us back to this matter of hair.† â€Å"What about hair?† â€Å"I sat there with Joranum, staring at him and feeling uneasy, without knowing why I was feeling uneasy. Then finally I realized that it was his hair that made me uneasy. There was something about it, a life, a gloss†¦ a perfection to it that I’ve never seen before. And then I knew. His hair is artificial and carefully grown on a scalp that ought to be innocent of such things.† â€Å"Ought to be?† Dors’s eyes narrowed. It was clear that she suddenly understood. â€Å"Do you mean-â€Å" â€Å"Yes, I do mean. He’s from the past-centered, mythology-ridden Mycogen Sector of Trantor. That’s what he’s been laboring to hide.† 10 Dors Venabili thought coolly about the matter. It was her only mode of thought-cool. Not for her the hot flashes of emotion. She closed her eyes to concentrate. It had been eight years since she and Hari had visited Mycogen and they hadn’t been there long. There had been little to admire there except the food. The pictures arose. The harsh, puritanical, male-centered society; the emphasis on the past; the removal of all body hair, a painful process deliberately self-imposed to make themselves different so that they would â€Å"know who they were†; their legends; their memories (or fancies) of a time when they ruled the Galaxy, when their lives were prolonged, when robots existed. Dors opened her eyes and said, â€Å"Why, Hari?† â€Å"Why what, dear?† â€Å"Why should he pretend not to be from Mycogen?† She didn’t think he would remember Mycogen in greater detail than she; in fact, she knew he wouldn’t, but his mind was better than hers-different, certainly. Hers was a mind that only remembered and drew the obvious inferences in the fashion of a mathematic line of deduction. He had a mind that leaped unexpectedly. Seldon liked to pretend that intuition was solely the province of his assistant, Yugo Amaryl, but Dors was not fooled by that. Seldon liked to pose as the unworldly mathematician who stared at the world out of perpetually wondering eyes, but she was not fooled by that, either. â€Å"Why should he pretend not to be from Mycogen?† she repeated as he sat there, his eyes lost in an inward look that Dors always associated with his attempt to squeeze one more tiny drop of usefulness and validity out of the concepts of psycho-history. Seldon said finally, â€Å"It’s a harsh society, a limiting society. There are always those who chafe over its manner of dictating every action and every thought. There are always those who find they cannot entirely be broken to the harness, who want the greater liberties available in the more secular world outside. It’s understandable.† â€Å"So they force the growth of artificial hair?† â€Å"No, not generally. The average Breakaway-that’s what the Mycogenians call the deserters and they despise them, of course-wears a wig. It’s much simpler but much less effective. Really serious Breakaways grow false hair, I’m told. The process is difficult and expensive but is almost unnoticeable. I’ve never come across it before, though I’ve heard of it. I’ve spent years studying all eight hundred sectors of Trantor, trying to work out the basic rules and mathematics of psychohistory. I have little enough to show for it, unfortunately, but I have learned a few things.† â€Å"But why, then, do the Breakaways have to hide the fact that they’re from Mycogen? They’re not persecuted that I know of.† â€Å"No, they’re not. In fact, there’s no general impression that Mycogenians are inferior. It’s worse than that. The Mycogenians aren’t taken seriously. They’re intelligen -everyone admits that-highly educated, dignified, cultured, wizards with food, almost frightening in their capacity to keep their sector prosperous-but no one takes them seriously. Their beliefs strike people outside Mycogen as ridiculous, humorous, unbelievably foolish. And that view clings even to Mycogenians who are Breakaways. A Mycogenian attempt to seize power in the government would be crushed by laughter. Being feared is nothing. Being despised, even, can be lived with. But being laughed at-that’s fatal. Joranum wants to be First Minister, so he must have hair, and, to be comfortable, he must represent himself as having been brought up on some obscure world as far from Mycogen as he can possibly manage.† â€Å"Surely there are some people who are naturally bald.† â€Å"Never as completely depilated as Mycogenians force themselves to be. On the Outer Worlds, it wouldn’t matter much. But Mycogen is a distant whisper to the Outer Worlds. The Mycogenians keep themselves so much to themselves that it is a rare one, indeed, who has ever left Trantor. Here on Trantor, though, it’s different. People might be bald, but they usually have a fringe of hair that advertises them as nonMycogenian-or they grow facial hair. Those very few who are completely hairless-usually a pathological condition-are out of luck. I imagine they have to go around with a doctor’s certificate to prove they are not Mycogenians.† Dors, frowning slightly, said, â€Å"Does this help us any?† â€Å"I’m not sure.† â€Å"Couldn’t you let it be known that he is a Mycegonian?† â€Å"I’m not sure that could be done easily. He must have covered his tracks well and even if it could be done-â€Å" â€Å"Yes?† Seldon shrugged. â€Å"I don’t want to invite an appeal to bigotry. The social situation on Trantor is bad enough without running the risk of loosing passions that neither I nor anyone else could then control. If I do have to resort to the matter of Mycogen, it will only be as a last resort.† â€Å"Then you want minimalism, too.† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"Then what will you do?† â€Å"I made an appointment with Demerzel. He may know what to do.† Dors looked at him sharply. â€Å"Hari, are you falling into the trap of expecting Demerzel to solve every problem for you?† â€Å"No, but perhaps he’ll solve this one.† â€Å"And if he doesn’t?† â€Å"Then I’ll have to think of something else, won’t I?† â€Å"Like what?† A look of pain crossed Seldon’s face. â€Å"Dors, I don’t know. Don’t expect me to solve every problem, either.† 11 Eto Demerzel was not frequently seen, except by the Emperor Cleon. It was his policy to remain in the background for a variety of reasons, one of which was that his appearance changed so little with time. Hari Seldon had not seen him over a period of some years and had not spoken to him truly in private since the days of his early time on Trantor. In light of Seldon’s recent unsettling meeting with Laskin Joranum, both Seldon and Demerzel felt it would be best not to advertise their relationship. A visit by Hari Seldon to the First Minister’s office at the Imperial Palace would not go unnoticed, and so for reasons of security they had decided to meet in a small yet luxuriously appointed suite at the Dome’s Edge Hotel, just outside the Palace grounds. Seeing Demerzel now brought back the old days achingly. The mere fact that Demerzel still looked exactly as he always had made the ache sharper. His face still had its strong regular features. He was still tall and sturdy-looking, with the same dark hair with the hint of blond. He was not handsome, but was gravely distinguished. He looked like someone’s ideal picture of what an Imperial First Minister ought to look like, not at all like any such official in history before his time ever had. It was his appearance, Seldon thought, that gave him half his power over the Emperor, and therefore over the Imperial Court, and therefore over the Empire. Demerzel advanced toward him, a gentle smile curving his lips without altering in any way the gravity of his countenance. â€Å"Hari,† he said. â€Å"It is pleasant to see you. I was half-afraid you would change your mind and cancel.† â€Å"I was more than half-afraid you would, First Minister.† â€Å"Eto-if you fear using my real name.† â€Å"I couldn’t. It won’t come out of me. You know that.† â€Å"It will to me. Say it. I would rather like to hear it.† Seldon hesitated, as though he couldn’t believe his lips could frame the words or his vocal cords sound them. â€Å"Daneel,† he said at length. â€Å"R. Daneel Olivaw,† said Demerzel. â€Å"Yes. You will dine with me, Hari. If I dine with you, I won’t have to eat, which will be a relief.† â€Å"Gladly, though one-way eating is not my idea of a convivial time. Surely a bite or two-â€Å" â€Å"To please you-â€Å" â€Å"Just the same,† said Seldon, â€Å"I can’t help but wonder if it is wise to spend too much time together.† â€Å"It is. Imperial orders. His Imperial Majesty wants me to.† â€Å"Why, Daneel?† â€Å"In two more years the Decennial Convention will be meeting again. You look surprised. Have you forgotten?† â€Å"Not really. I just haven’t thought about it.† â€Å"Were you not going to attend? You were a hit at the last one.† â€Å"Yes. With my psychohistory. Some hit.† â€Å"You attracted the attention of the Emperor. No other mathematician did.† â€Å"It was you who were initially attracted, not the Emperor. Then I had to flee and stay out of the Imperial notice until such time as I could assure you that I had made a start on my psychohistorical research, after which you allowed me to remain in safe obscurity.† â€Å"Being the head of a prestigious Mathematics Department is scarcely obscurity.† â€Å"Yes, it is, since it hides my psychohistory.† â€Å"Ah, the food is arriving. For a while, let’s talk about other things as befits friends. How is Dors?† â€Å"Wonderful. A true wife. Hounds me to death with her worries over my safety.† â€Å"That is her job.† â€Å"So she reminds me-frequently. Seriously, Daneel, I can never be sufficiently grateful to you for bringing us together.† â€Å"Thank you, Hari, but, to be truthful, I did not foresee married happiness for either of you, especially not Dors-â€Å" â€Å"Thank you for the gift just the same, however short of the actual consequences your expectations were.† â€Å"I’m delighted, but it is a gift, you will find, that may be of dubious further consequence-as is my friendship.† To this, Seldon could make no reply and so, at a gesture from Demerzel, he turned to his meal. After a while, he nodded at the morsel of fish on his fork and said, â€Å"I don’t actually recognize the organism, but this is Mycogenian cooking.† â€Å"Yes, it is. I know you are fond of it.† â€Å"It’s the Mycogenians’ excuse for existence. Their only excuse. But they have special meaning to you. I mustn’t forget that.† â€Å"The special meaning has come to an end. Their ancestors, long, long ago, inhabited the planet of Aurora. They lived three hundred years and more and were the lords of the Fifty Worlds of the Galaxy. It was an Auroran who first designed and produced me. I don’t forget that; I remember it far more accurately-and with less distortion-than their Mycogenian descendants do. But then, long, long ago, I left them. I made my choice as to what the good of humanity must be and I have followed it, as best I could, all this time.† Seldon said with sudden alarm, â€Å"Can we be overheard?† Demerzel seemed amused. â€Å"If you have only thought of that now, it is far too late. But fear not, I have taken the necessary precautions. Nor have you been seen by too many eyes when you came. Nor will you be seen by too many when you leave. And those who do see you will not be surprised. I am well known to be an amateur mathematician of great pretensions but of little ability. That is a source of amusement to those at the court who are not entirely my friends and it would not surprise anyone here that I should be concerned about laying the groundwork for the forthcoming Decennial Convention. It is about the convention that I wish to consult you.† â€Å"I don’t know that I can help. There is only one thing I could possibly talk about at the convention-and I can’t talk about it. If I attend at all, it will only be as part of the audience. I do not intend to present any papers.† â€Å"I understand. Still, if you would like to hear something curious, His Imperial Majesty remembers you.† â€Å"Because you have kept me in his mind, I suppose.† â€Å"No. I have not labored to do so. However, His Imperial Majesty occasionally surprises me. He is aware of the forthcoming convention and he apparently remembers your talk at the earlier one. He remains interested in the matter of psychohistory and more may come of it, I must warn you. It is not beyond the bounds of possibility that he may ask to see you. The court will surely consider it a great honor-to receive the Imperial call twice in a single lifetime.† â€Å"You’re joking. What could be served by my seeing him?† â€Å"In any case, if you are called to an audience, you can scarcely refuse. How are your young protegs, Yugo and Raych?† â€Å"Surely you know. I imagine you keep a close eye on me.† â€Å"Yes, I do. On your safety but not on every aspect of your life. I am afraid my duties fill much of my time and I am not all-seeing.† â€Å"Doesn’t Dors report?† â€Å"She would in a crisis. Not otherwise. She is reluctant to play the role of spy in nonessentials.† Again the small smile. Seldon grunted. â€Å"My boys are doing well. Yugo is increasingly difficult to handle. He’s more of a psychohistorian than I am and I think he feels I hold him back. As for Raych, he’s a lovable rascal-always was. He won me over when he was a dreadful street urchin and what’s more surprising is that he won over Dors. I honestly believe, Daneel, that if Dors grew sick of me and wanted to leave me, she would stay on anyway for her love of Raych.† Demerzel nodded and Seldon continued somberly. â€Å"If Rashelle of Wye hadn’t found him lovable, I would not be here today. I would have been shot down-† He stirred uneasily. â€Å"I hate to think of that, Daneel. It was such an entirely accidental and unpredictable event. How could psychohistory have helped in any way?† â€Å"Have you not told me that, at best, psychohistory can deal only in probabilities and with vast numbers, not with individuals?† â€Å"But if the individual happens to be crucial-â€Å" â€Å"I suspect you will find that no individual is ever truly crucial. Not even I-or you.† â€Å"Perhaps you’re right. I find that, no matter how I work away under these assumptions, I nevertheless think of myself as crucial, in a kind of supernormal egotism that transcends all sense. And you are crucial, too, which is something I have come here to discuss with you-as frankly as possible. I must know.† â€Å"Know what?† The remains of the meal had been cleared away by a porter and the room’s lighting dimmed somewhat so that the walls seemed to close in and give a feeling of great privacy. Seldon said, â€Å"Joranum.† He bit off the word, as though feeling the mention of the name alone should be sufficient. â€Å"Ah. Yes.†** â€Å"You know about him?† â€Å"Of course. How could I not know?† â€Å"Well, I want to know about him, too.† â€Å"What do you want to know?† â€Å"Come, Daneel, don’t play with me. Is he dangerous?† â€Å"Of course he is dangerous. Do you have any doubt of that?† â€Å"I mean, to you? To your position as First Minister?† â€Å"That is exactly what I mean. That is how he is dangerous.† â€Å"And you allow it?† Demerzel leaned forward, placing his left elbow on the table between them. â€Å"There are things that don’t wait for my permission, Hari. Let us be philosophical about it. His Imperial Majesty, Cleon, First of that Name, has now been on the throne for eighteen years and for all that time I have been his Chief of Staff and then his First Minister, having served in scarcely lesser capacities during the last years of the reign of his father. It is a long time and First Ministers rarely remain that long in power.† â€Å"You are not the ordinary First Minister, Daneel, and you know it. You must remain in power while psychohistory is being developed. Don’t smile at me. It’s true. When we first met, eight years ago, you told me the Empire was in a state of decay and decline. Have you changed your mind about that?† â€Å"No, of course not.† â€Å"In fact, the decline is more marked now, isn’t it?† â€Å"Yes, it is, though I labor to prevent that.† â€Å"And without you, what would happen? Joranum is raising the Empire against you.† â€Å"Trantor, Hari. Trantor. The Outer Worlds are solid and reasonably contented with my deeds so far, even in the midst of a declining economy and lessening trade.† â€Å"But Trantor is where it counts. Trantor-the Imperial world we’re living on, the capital of the Empire, the core, the administrative center- is what can overthrow you. You cannot keep your post if Trantor says no. â€Å"I agree.† â€Å"And if you go, who will then take care of the Outer Worlds and what will keep the decline from being precipitate and the Empire from degenerating rapidly into anarchy?† â€Å"That is a possibility, certainly.† â€Å"So you must be doing something about it. Yugo is convinced that you are in deadly danger and can’t maintain your position. His intuition tells him so. Dors says the same thing and explains it in terms of the Three Laws or Four of-of-â€Å" â€Å"Robotics,† put in Demerzel. â€Å"Young Raych seems attracted to Joranum’s doctrines-being of Dahlite origin, you see. And I-I am uncertain, so I come to you for comfort, I suppose. Tell me that you have the situation well in hand.† â€Å"I would do so if I could. However, I have no comfort to offer. I am in danger.† â€Å"Are you doing nothing?† â€Å"No. I’m doing a great deal to contain discontent and blunt Joranum’s message. If I had not done so, then perhaps I would be out of office already. But what I’m doing is not enough.† Seldon hesitated. Finally he said, â€Å"I believe that Joranum is actually a Mycogenian.† â€Å"Is that so?† â€Å"It is my opinion. I had thought we might use that against him, but I hesitate to unleash the forces of bigotry.† â€Å"You are wise to hesitate. There are many things that might be done that have side effects we do not want. You see, Hari, I don’t fear leaving my post-if some successor could be found who would continue those principles that I have been using to keep the decline as slow as possible. On the other hand, if Joranum himself were to succeed me, then that, in my opinion, would be fatal.† â€Å"Then anything we can do to stop him would be suitable.† â€Å"Not entirely. The Empire can grow anarchic, even if Joranum is destroyed and I stay. I must not, then, do something that will destroy Joranum and allow me to stay-if that very deed promotes the Fall of the Empire. I have not yet been able to think of anything I might do that would surely destroy Joranum and just as surely avoid anarchy.† â€Å"Minimalism,† whispered Seldon. â€Å"Pardon me?† â€Å"Dors explained that you would be bound by minimalism.† â€Å"And so I am.† â€Å"Then my visit with you is a failure, Daneel.† â€Å"You mean that you came for comfort and didn’t get it.† â€Å"I’m afraid so.† â€Å"But I saw you because I sought comfort as well.† â€Å"From me?† â€Å"From psychohistory, which should envision the route to safety that I cannot.† Seldon sighed heavily. â€Å"Daneel, psychohistory has not yet been developed to that point.† The First Minister looked at him gravely. â€Å"You’ve had eight years, Hari.† â€Å"It might be eight or eight hundred and it might not be developed to that point. It is an intractable problem.† Demerzel said, â€Å"I do not expect the technique to have been perfected, but you may have some sketch, some skeleton, some principle that you can use as guidance. Imperfectly, perhaps, but better than mere guesswork.† â€Å"No more than I had eight years ago,† said Seldon mournfully. â€Å"Here’s what it amounts to, then. You must remain in power and Joranum must be destroyed in such a way that Imperial stability is maintained as long as possible so that I may have a reasonable chance to work out psychohistory. This cannot be done, however, unless I work out psychohistory first. Is that it?† â€Å"It would seem so, Hari.† â€Å"Then we argue in a useless circle and the Empire is destroyed.† â€Å"Unless something unforeseen happens. Unless you make something unforeseen happen.† â€Å"I? Daneel, how can I do it without psychohistory?† â€Å"I don’t know, Hari.† And Seldon rose to go-in despair. How to cite Forward the Foundation Chapter 4, Essay examples

Techniques for Studying Gluten Protein-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Find a protein of interest and describe five Protein Technologies that have been used to study it. Answer: Protein: Gluten Gluten comprises of two different protein components; gliadin and glutenin. It is the composite of both glutelin and prolamin proteins that are conjoined to starch in grass-related cereal endosperms. Gliadin has between 30000Da and 80000 Da of relative molecular mass while glutenin has several millions Da of relative molecular mass (Hochegger et al, 2015).Gluten is thus a long molecule with strong but flexible characteristics. Structurally, gluten is a yellowish-white, elastic, sticky and tough protein. Because of its characteristics the protein is useful in the bread-making industry because it is able to trap carbon dioxide that is released in the flour-yeast reaction giving flour the chewiness characteristics and making it rise to keep a particular shape. There are different techniques of studying gluten components and analysing their characteristics. These include R5 ELISA test kits, biosensors, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Gel- Perme ation Chromatography and Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography. These techniques however vary in terms of sensitivity and in the particular characteristics of gluten protein that they measure. Sandwich R5 ELISA Test Gluten protein components are mainly analysed using the sandwich R5 ELISA format. This analysis technique has a high sensitivity and it is quite specific for each gluten protein (Hochegger et al, 2015). Usually, sandwich R5 ELISA method is utilized in quantifying antigens especially when they are lowly concentrated and also when they are in a sample that has a larger amount of proteins which are non-gluten (Tranquet et al, 2012). It is based mainly on the R5 antibody, and therefore uses both R5 antibody and R5 conjugated antibody, which bind to different antigen sites. R5 antibody can recognize celiac epitopes that are potentially toxic repeatedly occurring in prolamins. These celiac epitopes include QQPFP, PQPFP, QQPYP, QQQFP, QLPYP and LQPFP. The epitopes are found in toxic-celiac peptides such as Gliadin 33 mer peptide, Gliadin 25 mer peptide, and the Gliadin 26 mer peptide (Guerdrum, 2013). The R5 ELISA assay has a gliadins quantification limit of 1.56 ppm. The assay must however be combined with the cocktail extraction solution. Several studies indicate that the R5 ELISA technique has been internationally accepted to be the main gluten detection method in foods by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. However, quantifying gluten in hydrolysed foods using this approach is slightly inaccurate since there is always need for two intact epitopes to help quantify gluten content (Hochegger et al, 2015). As a result, a competitive R5 ELISA that is based on an R5 monoclonal antibody is used to give a precise quantification. The later can quantify intact and/or fragmented gluten since the technique uses just one antibody and thus just one epitope is needed for complete gluten detection. Additionally, the competitive system is considered cheaper but faster as compared to the sandwich ELISA14 system (Guerdrum, 2013). According to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, there is need to modify R5 competitive ELISA assay in order to enable hydrolysed gluten detection. While the competitive technique is not compatible with the coc ktail extraction solution; a combination of the competitive assay and UPEX solution gives complete and very accurate gluten analysis. In regard testing for gluten in wheat, barley and rye R-5 antibody ELISA technique remains the favorite approach (Guerdrum, 2013). This is because the antibody neither reacts with glutenins, nor glutelins in rye and barley. Currently, the Codex committee on protein analytical methods recommends R-5 ELISA technique for analyzing gluten content in foods. Figure 1: obtained from https://www.wgpat.com/proceeding_25th.html The sandwich Omega analytical method thus varies from the competitive sandwich R5 ELISA test. The table below shows the variation in these methods in regard to detecting and characterising gluten protein. Figure 1 above shows a bar graph of gluten levels (ppm) in samples of buckwheat detected by Sandwich R5 ELISA test just after extracting using the cocktail solution. comparison of Sandwich Omega ELISA and the Competitive Sandwich R5 ELISA Sandwich Omega ELISA(Sandwich R5 ELISA) The Competitive Sandwich R5 ELISA It uses 40% of ethanol solution in extracting proteins Needs 2 epitopes for two antibodies to bind a protein It underestimates content of protein in particularly for hydrolysed and/or partially hydrolysed barley. Is able to detect heated i.e. denatured and also the unheated proteins even at gluten levels150 ppm Has higher sensitivity versions for protein analysis Detects gliadin, a gluten component Utilise extraction mixture of provided compounds Only needs a single but specific epitope i.e. the R5 monoclonal antibody Needs just one antibody Can detect protein that is highly heat resistant and toxic at the same time, very accurately The technique overestimates the content of protein in barley It cannot be used to determine hydrolysed gluten proteins It is able to detect heated and/or unheated proteins It can recognize barley, rye and wheat gliadin with 3 ppm and detection levels and can even measure5 ppm (Hochegger et al, 2015). The technique detects gliadin, one of the components of gluten. Figure 2: A comparison of Sandwich Omega ELISA and the Competitive Sandwich R5 ELISA Biosensors There are several biosensors that are used in the detection and characterization of gluten components. Biosensors are used especially to detect gliadin presence in in gluten-free food products. The first electrochemical biosensor relies on an antibody that is raised against gliadins immunodominant epitope that has 5.5 g/L of limit of detection (Gomes de Sousa Filho et al, 2014). The second biosensor is based on anti-gliadin Fab fragments adsorption properties on gold surfaces. The limit of detection for gliadin has been assessed by impedance and shown to be 0.42 mg/L and by amperometry that showed 3.29 g/L LOD (Nirantar et al, 2014). Lately, a biosensor referred to as quartz crystal microbalance biosensor which incorporates nanoparticles of gold can detect gliadin that has 8 g/Kg60 limit of detection (Sensors and Materials, 2016). A different biosensor which uses antibody-conjugated immunomagnetic beads of anti-gliadin and/or fluorescence-dye-loaded immunoliposomal nanovesicles so as to form a sandwich, registered 0.6 mg/L limit of detection for gliadin. Quantitative Real-Time PCR Polymerase chain reaction techniques can also be used to detect, characterize and even quantify DNA of cereals containing gluten. These techniques are able to not only characterize but also can provide various cultivars and enable the selection of genotypes coding for different gluten proteins that have the best quality of making bread (Debnath et al, 2009). PCR in combination with agarose gels can be used detect the presence of wheat in oats. In other studies quantitative PCR system in combination with the agarose gels is used to detect wheat, rye and barley contamination simultaneously, in gluten-free food products. The use of agarose gels is however disadvantageous and therefore the wheat DNA detection and quantification relies purely on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) (Wang et al, 2010). There is currently a Q-PCR system that is reliable and provides rapid wheat DNA quantification in gluten-free food products and even in the raw materials. Its development is based SYBR Green I fluorescent dye and the modified extraction protocol of Guanidine-HCl or Proteinase K DNA. This particular system is very specific in nature and has a high sensitivity presenting up to 20 pg DNA/mg quantification limit (Debnath et al, 2009). This system when compared with the levels of glutens prolamin that have been determined using R5 ELISA commercial technique, it is clear that except for a few foods that are hydrolysed and/or highly processed; every sample that has prolamin levels that are above the quantification limit of R5 ELISA test (1.5 mg/kg) gives positive signals on Q-PCR system (Meral, 2016). It is therefore recommended that this particular Q-PCR system can be relied on to confirm the presence of gluten or generally wheat in foods, as a non-immunological tool, through the DNA pathway. This is especially useful in approving foods for celiacs and for those that have gluten allergy. Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry The LC-MS/MS technique is also one of the methods for studying gluten proteins. The technique can be able to detect various species based on several markers with several confirmation points. This makes it less vulnerable to provide false positives and/or false negatives while giving far more detection confirmation (Lock, 2013). Since the LC-MS/MS technique is very specific in nature, it can distinguish species through the use of multiple peptide markers. LC-MS/MS mainly differs from R5 ELISA technique since it can rely on specific markers in wheat, oats, and rye. The individual markers for the above species can distinguish one from the other through LC-MS/MS. The LC-MS/MS tool is thus advantageous than the R5 ELISA technique in that it can use a number of peptide markers with a similar number of MRMs for every gluten peptide to detect gluten presence in a particular sample with different species (Liang et al, 2011). It is therefore the most feasible approach in detecting gluten in fo ods. It has also been proven that ELISA test kits fail to detect allergens in processed foods because of processing which brings changes on the proteins structure and thus preventing the binding of an antibody; leading to false negatives The LC-MS/MS technique detects 510 ppm gluten levels in gluten-free foods provides a linear response that is linear and also larger when compared to the response which is usually obtained ELISA tests(Liang et al, 2011). The current LC-MS/MS technique involves 80-fold sample dilution; that is then injected onto LC-MSMS system. This enables the system to potentially detect low gluten levels (0.55 ppm) particularly when the concentrate is collected and the peptide markers purified using under the SPE protocol (Creese Cooper, 2007). The presence of several markers for every variety of gluten and the ready availability of scans of MRM triggered product ion gives many gluten contamination confirmation points. This also provides confidence in gluten detection results obtained while reducing false positive and/or false negative risks that emerge in ELISA tests. Gel-Permeation Chromatography Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography Gel-permeation chromatography relies on the principle of using materials that contain dextran to separate different macromolecules according to their molecular size differences. The procedure basically determines protein molecular weights and can also be used in decreasing concentration of salt in solutions of proteins (Bacskay et al, 2014). The gel- permeation column has a stationary phase which consist small-pored inert molecules. A solution containing various molecules that have varying dimensions, are continuously passed through the column at a flow rate that is constant. Molecules which are larger than the pore sizes are not able to permeate into the gel particles but retained within a restricted area between particles. The larger molecules can pass through the spaces that are between the porous particles to rapidly move inside the column (Jannah, 2015). On the other hand, smaller molecules diffuse into the pores as they get smaller, these molecules leave this column but with a longer retention time. The column material which is frequently used in gel permeation chromatography columns is the Sephadeks G type. Other column materials in this technique include agorose, dextran and polyacrylamide. Studies have indicated that conventional SE chromatography as described above has a lot of disadvantages as it is slow and usually has column beds that are unstable. Thus, results are likely to be unreliable and difficult to quantitate. As a result, there are Size-exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography (SE-HPLC) columns which are not only stable but uniform and reliable and thus are utilized in analysing proteins in cereals including gluten (Bacskay et al, 2014). The SE-HPLC separations are usually fast and this allows larger sample numbers for analysis. SE-HPLC has over time been utilized extensively in analysing cereal proteins. The SE-HPLC supports have different and/or varying porosity just like the conventional gel approach. An example of the Toya-Soda-made columns includes the TSK-4000SW, the TSK-3000SW and further, the TSK-2000SW columns. These columns have approximately 450, 240 and 130 A of pore size respectively (Creese Cooper, 2007). They are thus very useful in analysing high, intermediate and even low molecular weighted proteins. The process uses columns of measure 500 X 7.5 mm i.d. with 7-8 ml exclusion volumes and approximately 22 ml of total exclusion volume. Along the process, a guard column for TSK-3000SW with measures of 100 X 7.5 mm i.d. is used (Bacskay et al, 2014). A common solvent used in SE-H PLC particularly for cereal proteins like gluten; is 0.1 M sodium phosphate, with a pH of 7.0 and contains 0.1% SDS. The SDS in the solvent binds to proteins and solubilizes them in a way that the resultant protein-SDS complex sizes relate to protein MW. In the SDS presence, TSK-4000SW separates 10,000 to 1,000,000 MW proteins while TSK-3000SW usually separates 10,000 to 200,000 MW proteins (Tranquet et al, 2012). For proteins and/or peptides that have low molecular weight, the TSK-2000SW column is used. The flow rates in the columns are maintained at 1.0 ml/minute while the analyses carried out at room temperature. In the final analyses , the log MW plotted against the time of elution gives a straight line. Its equation is then used to approximate the MW of any other unknown proteins (Taddei et al, 2013). Usually, the standard measures are run on a daily basis and they are used to inform computer program updates on elution times, percentages, MW for every peak among others. Analysis of Gliadins using the SE HPLC Whole gliadin sample when tested shows the major peak for , and gliadins that correspond to 28,000 Molecular Weight. It also shows smaller peaks and/or shoulders which correspond 11000MW, 41000MW, 63000MW of ? gliadins and further 105000 MW high-molecular-weight gliadin (Tranquet et al, 2012). SE-HPLC is also used in comparing gluten proteins in native and/or reduced forms. For example, the high-MW gliadin is made up of intermediate MW heterogeneous oligomers. Its Molecular weight lies between gliadin and glutenin: and has an average MW of about 125,000 (Bacskay et al, 2014). The SE-HPLC technique rapidly confirms that the high-MW gliadin protein consists mainly, subunits of low-MW glutenin which are joined by way of disulphide bonds. SE-H PLC technique is useful in making comparison between proteins whether in their native or reduced states. Conclusion Gluten protein is a major requirement in bread making. Its levels must however be monitored especially understanding that it can affect a section of the population that are susceptible to celiac disease and those that have gluten allergy. This discussion highlights each technique that is relied upon to detect the amounts of gluten components in foods for rectification purposes. International companies that also sell wheat, barley, oat, rice and rye products rely on the technologies discussed to ensure that their products are gluten free. All the techniques discussed including sandwich R5 ELISA test kits, biosensors, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Gel- Permeation Chromatography and Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography; is crucial in the food production sector. References Bacskay, I., Sepsey, A., Felinger, A. (2014). Determination of the pore size distribution of high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases via inverse size exclusion chromatography.Journal of Chromatography A,1339, 110-117. Creese, A., Cooper, H. (2007). Liquid chromatography electron capture dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ECD-MS/MS) versus liquid chromatography collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-CID-MS/MS) for the identification of proteins.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,18(5), 891-897. Debnath, J., Martin, A., Gowda, L. (2009). A polymerase chain reaction directed to detect wheat glutenin: Implications for gluten-free labelling.Food Research International,42(7), 782-787. Development of Portable Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Biosensor Applications. (2016).Sensors and Materials, 1. Gomes de Sousa Filho, J., Wiersma, C., Timpe, S., Doyle, B. (2014). Detection of interactions between botanical extracts and protein using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor.Planta Medica,80(10). Guerdrum. (2013). The Determination of Gluten using the R5 Competitive ELISA Method.Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists. Hochegger, R., Mayer, W., Prochaska, M. (2015). Comparison of R5 and G12 Antibody-Based ELISA Used for the Determination of the Gluten Content in Official Food Samples.Foods,4(4), 654-664. Jannah, A. (2015). Isolation and Characterization of Rice Bran Protein Using NaOH Solution.ALCHEMY,4(1). Lacorn, M., Weiss, T. (2015). Partially Hydrolyzed Gluten in Fermented Cereal-Based Products by R5 Competitive ELISA: Collaborative Study, First Action 2015.05.Journal of AOAC International,98(5), 1346-1354. Lexhaller, B., Tompos, C., Scherf, K. (2017). Fundamental study on reactivities of gluten protein types from wheat, rye and barley with five sandwiches ELISA test kits.Food Chemistry,237, 320-330. LIANG, Y., WU, C., DAI, Z., LIANG, Z., LIANG, Z., ZHANG, L., ZHANG, Y. (2011). Microchip-based reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform for protein analysis.Chinese Journal Of Chromatography,29(6), 469-474. Lock, S. (2013). Gluten Detection and Speciation by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Foods,3(1), 13-29. Meral, R. (2016). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of gluten.Journal Of Biotechnology,231, S54. Miranda-Castro, R., de-los-Santos-lvarez, N., Miranda-Ordieres, A., Lobo-Castan, M. (2016). Harnessing Aptamers to Overcome Challenges in Gluten Detection.Biosensors,6(2), 16. Nirantar, S., Li, X., Siau, J., Ghadessy, F. (2014). Rapid screening of proteinprotein interaction inhibitors using the protease exclusion assay.Biosensors And Bioelectronics,56, 250-257. Nordqvist, P., Thedjil, D., Khosravi, S., Lawther, M., Malmstrm, E., Khabbaz, F. (2011). Wheat gluten fractions as wood adhesives-glutenins versus gliadins.Journal Of Applied Polymer Science,123(3), 1530-1538. Olexov, L., Dovi?ovi?ov, L., vec, M., Siekel, P., Kuchta, T. (2006). Detection of gluten-containing cereals in flours and gluten-free bakery products by polymerase chain reaction.Food Control,17(3), 234-237. Taddei, P., Zanna, N., Tozzi, S. (2013). Raman characterization of the interactions between gliadins and anthocyanins.Journal Of Raman Spectroscopy,44(10), 1435-1439. Tranquet, O., Larr, C., Denery-Papini, S. (2012). Selection of a monoclonal antibody for detection of gliadins and glutenins: A step towards reliable gluten quantification.Journal Of Cereal Science,56(3), 760-763. WANG, H., CHEN, R., CHEN, P. (2010). Detection of Genetically Modified Herbicidetolerant Crops by Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Assay*.Chinese Journal Of Appplied Environmental Biology,2009(6), 866-870.

Board Composition and Operational Risk †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Board Composition and Operational Risk. Answer: Introduction The report helps in understanding about the different kinds of operational risks that are involved in a company. The company that has been taken in this particular report is HG Metal Manufacturing Company that is situated in Singapore. An operations manager is appointed in the respective company as to properly assess the risk and suggest as well as implement different measures to reduce such operational risks from the company. The risk management approaches and framework of HG Metal Manufacturing Company has to be properly analyzed as well. The main aim of the report is to understand as well as analyze the different incidents in the past that has occurred as the operational risks in the respective company as well as the industry. The main purpose of the report is to analyze the good practices of the safety technologies with proper tools and techniques as well. The impact of the hazardous substances treatment has to be implemented as this will help in treating the risk. The structure of the report will include the proper process of treatment of the different kinds of risk and this will help in reviewing the good practices that will help in reducing such operational risks from the respective company. The impact has to be properly discussed that will affect the company and recommendation has to be properly implemented by the Operations Manager as this will help in assessing the risk that can be a danger to the entire company. HG Metal Manufacturing Limitedis a metal company that was founded in the year 1971 that is the retailer of steel as well as metal products. The respective company provides end to end solution to the customers that range from services relates to distribution to the downstream along with the value added services. The HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany is properly equipped with different kinds of sourcing capability that is strong in nature and they have a huge network of suppliers from different countries namely Japan, Russia, Tokyo along with other European countries. The nature of the business is that the company has also offered steel and metal solutions that are customized in nature for different industries namely transportation, energy as well as electronics. Structure of the risk management team The main duty of the risk managers is to analyze the safety of the supervision along with proper handling of different claims. The operations manager has to report to the higher officials in the management regarding any kind of losses, other programs related to prevention of loss of the company as well as results of the insurance marketing. Proper identification of the exposures related to exposure has to be ascertained as this will help them in identification of the solutions of the insurance related products. The entire team will work effectively to minimize the payment of the loss for litigation as well as claims. The operational management of risk has focused previously on the mitigation of the risks from the internal processes that are internal in nature but due to the increase in the regulatory requirements along with the requirement of the improvement in the performance of the business the scope of Operations Risk Management has been expanded. The ORM program of the respective company is based on framework of the sponsoring company and this will help their clients in reimagining the different risks as well as compliance process with internal control that will offer: Reliable reporting that is financial in nature Proper safeguarding of assets (Armstrong and Taylor 2014) Efficient and effective programs Proper compliance with regulations and law Risk Management Team This is the duty of the operations manager that all the workings that are manufactured in cost effective as well as timely manner as this will help in meeting the quality requirements Proper improvement of the operational systems along with processes is the other duty that guarantees the well being of the entire organization and ensure the efficiency at the warehouse Proper examination of the financial statements as this will be used to improve the profitability Proper contribution towards the achievement of the operational as well as strategic objectives Lastly, it is the duty of the operational manager to cater to the concerns of the different personnel (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015) These are the different activities that have to be performed by the operations manager of the respective company HG Metal Manufacturing Limitedwherein they have to handle and manage the raw materials as well as personnel. The proper oversight of the entire inventory along with supplies as well as purchasing has to be properly taken care by the operations manager. The operations manager has to analyze the kind of operational risk that is affecting the brand image of the company and in this particular scenario, the change in the organization can come in different forms that can affect the structure of the entire business. Review of Past incidents In HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany, there was a risk that has been faced by the respective company due to the low quality of the products that are produced by them. In the past, there was a risk related to the poor quality of the metal products that are sold by HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany and the customers faced lot of difficulties as well. The proper quality assurance is essential for the company to provide to the customers as the customers trust the brands and they go ahead with the purchase of different goods as well as different services. HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany supplied different metal and steel products that were sold to the customers but they were of low quality as the assurance of quality was not provided to the clients and this created bad reputation for the defective products that were sold by the company. There were different kind of defects in the steel and metal product and there is a policy of replacement that has been provided by the compa ny to the customers when the problem is discovered (Aven 2016). According to Farrell and Gallagher (2015), operations risk is the kind of issue that affects the internal ability of the company to supply as well as produce different goods as well as services. There can be different risks that can affect the reputation of the firm as well as the impression upon the customers as well. In the last few decades, Barakat and Hussainey (2013) commented that risk management in the supply chain management has properly developed but there are different operational risks in the different companies. Chiu and Choi (2016) outlined that the risk management is the area with different conflicting terms along with proper critical reflection on the principles as well as regulations (Chen, Sohal and Prajogo 2013). The operational risks that has been faced by Reliance Company as the gap analysis was done with the help of proper vulnerability assessment. The root cause analysis was properly reviewed as this will help in resolving such issues with proper implementation of different strategies as shown in the picture below: Identification of hazard risk There are different methods of the identification of the risks by HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany on the basis of the databases of the different events that has happened in the past as this will be helpful in nature to understand such issues that has occurred in the future and try to resolve such issues as this will help in understanding the potential risks that are involved in such kind of cases (Thomas, Crook and Edelman 2017). HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany has to identify the root causes of the different operational risks wherein proper identification of the undesirable events that has gone wrong and proper identification of the potential impacts is essential as well in such events. Secondly, it is essential for the company to identify the different functions that are essential in nature and possible modes have to be identified that are crucial for gaining success (Xu et al. 2014). The method of the qualitative risk assessment is essential to be done by HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany wherein the following steps have to be followed: Screening of the risk is essential to be done by the respective company as this will help in identification of the different risks that are operational in nature. The operational risks has to be properly omitted by the company as this will help the company along with the employees of the organization to understand the causes of the operational risks and resolving such issues with proper implementation of different strategies as well. It is determined with proper analysis of: High impact and low probability (Lam 2014) Low impact and high probability Low impact and low probability High impact and high probability (Soin and Collier 2013) Pareto diagram helps in identification of the different operational as well as other risks with proper implementation of the different strategies that will help in mitigating the risks and this helps in improving the brand name of the organization as well. Analysis of the failure modes as well as effects helps in assessing the risk of the organization that has caused failure in the organization as well. The failures can be related to the operational risks of the company wherein there is impact on the demand as well as supply of the goods and services (Wiengarten et al. 2016). There are two different tools and techniques that help in identification as well as analysis of the operational risks of HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany are as follows: Information gathering technique is one such technique that helps in rating the risk that is high or low in nature. The respective company has to understand whether the risk is dangerous, then the company should immediate stop such process as this will help in implementation of the control techniques. The proper information from the past records has to be collected by the operations manager in the organization as this will help in emphasizing the requirements that are essential in nature to reduce such risks with the help of proper protection. Root Cause Analysis is another technique wherein the level of the risk has to be identified and the involvement of such risks as well. This will help in determination of the risks that are hazardous in nature and such risks have to be controlled with reviewing and monitoring the hazards that can affect at the workplace. There are different kinds of documentation required for the proper assessment of the risks in the workplace that are as follows: Level of the risk that is involved (Heckmann, Comes and Nickel 2015) The requirements that are legislative in nature Implementation of different kinds of control measures that will help in reducing the operational risks in the company Reviewing as well as monitoring the hazards at the workplace as this will help in reducing the kind of risks and this will help in measuring the suitable risk factor as well. These are the different kinds of tools and techniques as this will help them in understanding the level of risk and implement the safety technologies with the help of proper advancement of technologies. Risk evaluation and analysis There are different safety control technologies that will help HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany in order to reduce the operational risks in the respective company. The analysis can be done with the help of the following the steps that are as follows: Proper segregation of the task as this will help in reducing the risks related to theft as well as fraud. This will help in proper prevention of taking proper advantage of the different numerous aspects of business practices as well as transactions. Secondly, the risks has to be curtailed in the process of the business as this will help in reducing the complexities in the business and this will help in mitigating the operational risks. The respective organization can achieve and reduce the complexities with curtailing the different manual activities along with proper implementation of the processes of business (Therivel and Paridario 2013). The respective organization named HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany has to create a proper ethics that is related with proper mitigation of the operational risks management. The ethics of the organization has to be properly enforced by proper combination of the different workplace principles along with the personal values as well The respective organization needs to allocate the right individuals for the right kind of tasks as this will help in reducing the issues that pertains to the execution of the entire process of the business along with the proper skills as well as usage of advanced technologies (Adeusi et al. 2014). This will help in resulting proper and appropriate utilization of the workforce as well as proper adherence to the technologies as well as timelines with proper enhancement of the technologies as this will help in reducing the number of errors as well as breakdown of the processes. Proper monitoring as well as evaluation at proper intervals is essential and necessary in nature as the process of the business is effective as well as efficient in nature and this will help HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany in reducing the operational risks from the different areas of the business (Hopkin 2017). The well designed indicators of the performance have to be properly implemented by the company as this will help in enhancing the process of business. The key performance indicators are critical in nature as this will help in making timely decisions as well as proper mitigation of the different operational risks that can impact the performance of the entire business. The continuous monitoring as well as reviewing is essential in nature as this will help in identification of the discrepancies proactively as well as manage them accordingly (Sharifi et al. 2016). The assessment of the risk has to be done periodically in the company HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany as this will provide proper relief to the entire organization and this will help in making the regulatory frameworks for the entire organization to mitigate such operational risks in the organization. It is imperative to be properly risk ready by properly gauging the regulatory obligations along with the different competencies of the skills of information technologies as well (Alexander 2013). The risk incidents as well as different activities those are remedial in nature for proper effectiveness in the entire organization. The strategies that are effective in nature will help in countering the future risks. The risk occurrences that has happened previously has to be properly analyzed by the company in order to make some amendments in the future as well as in the present as this will help in handling the current operating scenario at the workplace. The task in hand that is critical in nature is wherein the organization can implement different the steps in reducing such kinds of risk. Proper corporate governance as well as the compliance platform enabled proper advancement of technologies and this helped in effectively support the proper implementation of the 7 step approach to reduce the operational risk management (Hora and Klassen 2013). This will help the respective company HG Metal Manufacturing LimitedCompany in handling such risks and this helped them in maintaining and this will help in mitigating the operational risks and this helped the entire company along with the employees to support proper implementation of different technologies (Sturm 2013). Review of proper good practices and safety technologies There are different advantages as well as disadvantages in the risk treatment of the operational risk in the respective company wherein the risks can be nurtured and with the proper handling of the previous risks, the future risks can be mitigated with proper implementation of technologies. However, on the other hand, there are disadvantages as well wherein there can be unmanaged losses that can impact the entire business and the external entities along with ambiguity that is uncontrollable in nature (Wang and Hsu 2013). The potential threats cannot be managed properly as there are external uncertainties that cannot be controlled by the management. Recommendation Therefore, it can be recommended that the respective company has to adopt certain other strategies in mitigating the different kinds of operational risks and this will help in focusing properly on the assessment of the risks and this will help in understanding the impact of the risk on the entire business as well. This will help in promoting the culture of the entire organization as well. Lastly, the risks can be nurtured properly by compensating the risks within rigid comparisons along with different choices that will help in mitigating the risks as well from the entire business. These are the different process through the advancement in technologies that will help in mitigating the operational risks. References Adeusi, S.O., Akeke, N.I., Adebisi, O.S. and Oladunjoye, O., 2014. Risk management and financial performance of banks in Nigeria.Risk Management,6(31). Alexander, K. ed., 2013.Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. 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